The rise of the online university

Starting a new venture such as an online university is a risky affair under any circumstance. In fact, the risks are further aggravated when the new venture has few precedents.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The rise of the online university specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition to the risks associated with a new venture, an online university must raise capital from cynical sources, hire inexperienced staff, and establish a new market for its services (Greenwood Suddaby, 2006, p.29). This paper will address two problems associated with a novel venture and the different types of legitimacies that need to be garnered in relation to online universities. There are two main challenges that an online university must face in new populations. First, it must devise efficient practices and capabilities under conditions of ambiguity and ignorance. Second, an online university must create relations with an envi ronment that is ignorant to their existence. In nutshell, an online university faces legitimacy issues as it strives to curve a niche in the market. The question that arises is: what is legitimacy? A number of social scientists have given different definitions of legitimacy. According Suchman, legitimacy is â€Å"a generalized perception that the actions of an entity are desirable, proper, or appropriate within some socially constructed system of norms, values†¦and definitions† (1995, p.574). Legitimacy is socially constructed in the sense that it mirrors an analogy between the activities of the legalized entity (online university) and the common values of a particular social group (Suchman, 1995, p.574). There are three main types of organizational legitimacy that are relevant to the existence of an online university. Pragmatic legitimacy entails the direct exchanges between the entity (online university) and its immediate audiences (Suchman, 1995, p.578). It also refer s to the process where the public, main stakeholders, government officials and other influential leaders accept a venture as suitable and right (Aldrich Fiol, 1994, p.648). Moral legitimacy, on the other hand, mirrors a normative assessment of the online university and its activities. It is mainly concerned with whether the activities of the online university support the welfare of the society. Thus, moral legitimacy gives credence to the social welfare of the society over the organization’s self-interests (Thornton Ocasio, 2008, p.103).Advertising Looking for assessment on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cognitive legitimacy involves the spread of knowledge concerning a novel technology. It can be ascertained by assessing the level of public knowledge regarding a new technology. An example is the introductions of online universities that have enable millions of students around the world to access education from their homes (Suchman, 1995, p.581). Lack of adequate sociopolitical legitimacy is a major barrier to the introduction of novel technology. For example, online universities may fail to secure approval from vigilant government agencies because the society lacks knowledge about its activities and the related long-term effects (Aldrich Fiol, 1994, p.661). Government agencies can make a major contribution by restructuring the inter-organizational atmosphere of new entities (such as online universities) in order to foster understanding between firms. The methods for developing and sustaining trust, reputation, trust and institutional legitimacy are interrelated. Obtaining the trust of stakeholders within and around the new entity creates a foundation from which to develop a knowledge base through mutual exchange rules with other comparable organizations. These interactions eventually enable member organizations to organize as a group and to create an expansive reputation of their i ndustry as a permanent reality. Trust is an important element that facilitates a smooth flow throughout the legitimacy-building process (Aldrich Fiol, 1994, p.663). References Aldrich, H.E., Fiol, C.M. (1994). Fools rush in? The Institutional Context of Industry Creation. Academy of Management Review, 19, 645-670. Greenwood, R., Suddaby, R. (2006). Institutional Entrepreneurship in Mature Fields: The Big Five Accounting Firms. Academy of Management Journal, 49: 27-48 Suchman, M.C. (1995). Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches. Academy of Management Review, 20, 571-610.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The rise of the online university specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thornton, PH Ocasio, W. (2008). Institutional Logics. New York: Ashgate Publishing. This assessment on The rise of the online university was written and submitted by user Yusuf Robinson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Waiting for Superman essay

buy custom Waiting for Superman essay Davis Guggenheim, in the documentary Waiting for Superman, brings to light the corrupted and broken educational system of America. He says that the educational system is heading downhill, causing more harm than good, or suppressing growth, which it should enable anyway. In this documentary, he uses the Superman figure as the Superhero, or someone that should come along and save the educational system and the country at large from stunted growth and subsequent collapse. Waiting for Superman, released in 2010, is a documentary that sets out to unveil the causes of problems in the current educational system, and how it is producing children who are less educated. Moreover, it foresees an even worse scenario with the lapse of time if superman does not save the occasion. Therefore, Guggenheim explains that some of the factors, that affect childrens education, range from broken homes, availability of good education, and jobless or single parents. To make it clear, he concentrates on five children and their desperate families, who experience these challenges first-hand. He brings you even closer to what they experience through personal interviews with the children and their families, and makes an evaluation of how these factors directly affect their educational performances. The children on the spotlight are Bianca, a child in kindergarten and the first grade student, Francisco, who have both applied to Harlem Success Academy. The other children on observ ation are fifth grade students Daisy and Anthony; and an eighth grade student, Emily, who is at Silicon Valley. Anthony of Washington D.C does not live with his mother or father. Instead, his grandmother, Gloria, is the only guardian he knows. Ms. Gloria explains explicitly in the documentary there was no choice of a better school for her grandson. She loves him so much and she would do anything for him, even take him to the best school if she could. It is only unfortunate that there is no choice-option of a better school in the neighborhood. Bianca, on the other hand, has very big dreams. She wants to be a doctor, or a nurse. However, the challenge is that the parents are struggling so much financially My dad is struggling because he doesnt have a job, and my mom is also trying to get a job. Essentially, this cuts off her parents ability to take her to a private school. Firstly, after having a critical look at the theme of this documentary, it has become clear that the major issue, or the matter of concern, is the quality of education that the students get at school. Do the students get relevant knowledge that is necessary to develop skills for a good career? Guggenheim explains in the documentary that this is most unlikely because of overcrowding in public schools, which does not allow for a more interpersonal relationship between teachers and their students. Secondly, the system does facilitate teachers professional growth. On the contrary, it retains teachers who perform poorly. Consequently, these less performing teachers migrate from one school to another in a scene known as Lemon Dance. From the documentary, a student asks their teacher, are you just going to sit there or are you going to teach us? This is just a snap shot of what the students go through, once the teachers are sure that they cannot lose their job under whatever circumstance. Therefore, whether they teach their students or not, it does not really matter. They will still receive payment, and cannot be fired, as the educational system dictates. Moreover, in the 1990s charter schools emerged. In more often situations, these schools produce excellent results, and are the reasons why most people flock and apply for opportunities to have their children go to charter schools. The secret behind these schools excellent results is that they are run independently from other district schools, and not by the rules that govern other educational institutions. The teachers in these schools are more determined to give results, and spend extra time with their students as opposed to public schools. The charter schools are very attractive to most parents who want their children to excel. However, in schools like KIPP schools, Harlem Success Academy, and The SEED School of Washington they cannot take too many students. The available slots are very few, and the applicants for them are very many. In that case, as is evident in the documentary, the schools have to run a public lottery for the available positions. In conclusion, I certainly agree with Guggenheims idea that lack of development, or economic stagnation is not to blame entirely on the teachers, but on the education system and the curriculum. In the 1970s, the current education system gave great results. However, times have changed. Economic needs and other aspects of the global market, as technologies have changed and the educational syllabus has remained constant. It is, therefore, important for school program to be in synchrony with economic demands. Additionally, in my opinion, education should start right from home. Parents ought to push their children a little bit, especially when the children do not show much interest in education. For example, Francisco does not like to go to school. I think this is because he does not get mentorship about the importance of education from home. Buy custom "Waiting for Superman" essay

Research Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research Assignment - Essay Example The Voting Rights Act 1965 was considered as one of the landmark legislations in the history of United States to ensure that there exists no voting discrimination. This act specifically prohibits local governments as well as States not to impose any qualifications on the voting rights of the citizens despite the fact that voting has not been specifically defined as a right under the Constitution of the country. Through Section 4 and 5 it implemented an effective check over the States to get preclearance from the Federal government if States were required to bring any change in the voting laws. Supreme Court of the Country however, recently termed section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act 1965 as unconstitutional while not striking down Section 5 of the Act. This decision however, has created a strong debate on the voting discrimination and the how it may affect the overall voting rights of the citizens. Issues like voter IDs have resurfaced and are considered as discriminatory in nature. The Voting Rights Act 1965 and Discriminatory Voting The Voting Rights Act 1965 is considered as one of the landmark legislations in the history of United States of America. ... bsequent legislations after the 15th Amendment were directed at ensuring that States comply with the constitutional requirement however, after reconstruction, Federal government failed to however, effectively implement all the provisions and resultantly States enacted various laws and regulations which restrained the voting rights of the individuals. Section 4 and 5 of VRA put in place a formula based upon which States as well as local bodies were required to obtain preclearance from the Federal government regarding changes in the voting as well as voting legislations. This formula was decided based upon the historical facts and observations regarding the behavior of States and local bodies involved in the discretionary voting practices. Section 4 and 5 were therefore considered as important provisions which gave powers to the Federal Government to put restrictions on the local bodies as well as States not to engage in any discriminatory practices. Supreme Court Decision, Voter IDs a nd Discrimination Prior to the decision of Supreme Court, there were incidences where local bodies as well as States were clearly indulged into making changes in the laws to encourage discrimination during the voting. In 2010, Georgia passed a bill to reschedule the elections after it was revealed during the census that the blacks have become majority in certain areas.1 Though the change only affected Richmond- Augusta however, it was later rejected under Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act 1965. In Shelby County vs Holder, Supreme Court struck down Section 4 terming it unconstitutional while it retained Section 5. However, without Section 4, the overall significance of Section 5 is almost negligible. While striking down the law, Supreme Court declared that the law is based upon 40 years old

Buyer behaviour and communication strategies BB644 Assignment

Buyer behaviour and communication strategies BB644 - Assignment Example Moreover, the Toyota Prius family including Prius 1.8, Prius C and Prius V wagon will provide consumers with more models to choose from. The main goal is to create awareness of the hybrid technology developed by Toyota in the form of Toyota Prius family. By advertising and promoting the product, we wish to position Prius as a comfortable yet powerful car for the fun-loving and family-centered individuals alike. The communication channels are meant to draw interest and instigate a desire among consumers to make a purchase. The advertising should effectively create the desired image on the minds of the consumers in order to generate brand awareness which can productively be converted into sales. Moreover, the intended purpose of using communication channels is to stimulate buyer readiness through knowledge dissemination which educates the public about the damages of conventional fossil fuel engine cars and the new hybrid technology which has been stylishly designed in the form of Toyota Prius series. This notion is intended to trigger consumers to consider a change in their automobile preferences in order to try out th e hybrid car series by Toyota which is both, energy efficient and cost effective, as compared to other cars by the competitors. So, the main focus can be said to highlight the novel attributes of the Toyota Prius family and its hybrid technology. Also, the economic perspective of the Toyota Prius series is pivotal in convincing consumers that the cars have been made to suit the needs of everybody including families, individuals, and adventurous youths. Communication strategy is an important phase of strategy development and marketing products. In particular, it is critical to the segmentation, targeting, and positioning of the Toyota Prius family in the minds of the target consumers. The image any particular brand conjures up in the mind of the consumer is significant in determining

Future business needs of reverse logistics Research Paper

Future business needs of reverse logistics - Research Paper Example It is becoming a concern in the modern day supply chain that retailers should try to incorporate reverse logistics into supply transactions and should not treat them as individual or minor cases. The management in lace should also strive to link up the various transactions in the supply chain to be in line with reverse logistics. The statistical control process can be of great help in the shaping the future of reverse logistics. This type of approach emphasizes on the end quality of a particular product. This process emphasizes on efficiency and ensures that the desired end goal is met with minimized waste and increased efficiency. This approach takes two stages: the first stage is the commencing of the process while the second stage is the frequent application of this process. The statistical control process commonly makes use of machine, man, material, and method in the manufacturing process (Dekker et al., 2004).. Since this method of production emphasizes on the quality of production, it puts a keen interest in the initial stages of this production method. This emphasis is to ensure that there is efficiency in the production process rather than correction of mistakes made at a later stage. This process can therefore mint reverse logistics into the initial programme of the supply chain to make the process more efficient and effective. The core tenets that the statistical control method applies are control charts, the stable process, and the excessive variation procedures to obtain the desired results. According to Dyckhoff et al. (2004), the leadership put in place should be in a position to ensure that the process is not only efficient but also put across counter attack procedures. The main aim of leadership in position is to ensure that the return of merchandise is swift, less costly and convenient to both the manufacturers and the customers. The leadership should ensure that there is avoidance of the return of already

Pop Music in Film

Pop Music in Film Music in film is one of those immensely involved but hugely underrated products. It comfortably sits in film going consciously unnoticed while it stimulates our subconscious, flowing freely through the narrative, to aid the emotional impact without overly changing the course of the film An indicator on how we should react in a film Music in films began with traditional scores in the silent film era. The reason it was called silent is because the film itself was silent and the music was made externally of the film, which was principally the piano, to reflect the various moods and emotions of characters and events. In conjunction to this it also covered up the noise emitted from the projector as well as being needed, psychologically, to smooth over natural human fears of darkness and silence (Brown 1994:12). The growing popularity of film lead to changes in the music and musical arrangements and lead to scores being written down to the various cliched typical situations in film. During the 1920s developments in technology saw the capabilities of film and music being broadcast internally and saw the introduction of sound films. Changing relationships between music and cinema has seen the introduction of pop music into the spectrum. It is this relationship between pop music and film and the way they operate in conjunction with each other is what I am going to explore. Diegetic and none diegetic Diegetic relates to the diegesis of the film and the sound source can be observed on screen for example, a band playing or the character listening to the radio. Non-diegetic appears outside of the film world and is used as background music, mood altering music or subconsciously adds to the suspense of the film until the use of sound started to appear in films the majority of music was none diegetic but the introduction of sound synced films added to realism of the film and gave diegetic music a sense of place in films Diegetic and none diegetic Diegesis refers to the fictional, imagined world of film, adverse to this non-diegesis refers to the objective world of the Film is represented by a series of events combined with dialogue, which is aided by actors. Financial and technical interests are taken into account and are concentrated on the actor, to not let anything overshadow the main character/s. The musical scripts are usually indefinite, thus music not being treated in the same way and potentially an outsider. Almost indispensable despite music currently playing a major part in film to make use of the silent scenes, for example a scene where the character is waiting for someone, no dialogue will be used and the only sound we can hear will be diegetic noises of his surrounding. This is a prime example of the use of non-diegetic music. The character could be waiting for a partner (therefore romantic music will be played over the top). Without the use of music the scene would be more realistic (we dont hear music when we are waiting for a partner) but the scene would not captivate the viewer and potentially make the viewer lose interest. On the other hand the music appearing in such situations could also be perceived as naÃÆ' ¯ve or childish and thus further distracting the view from the main focus. This issue is usually resolved by the characters involvement with the music , by singing, whistling, humming or even turning on the radio and the music goes from a transition of diegetic to none diegetic. Mass production of films has lead to a series of over elaborated typical events such as emotional crises that are ever reoccurring and standard methods that are formulated to arouse suspense. These events are aided by music, however the viewer has been made familiar with these events so the emotional response on the viewer is not always as intended. For the viewer the whole thing is ambiguous. If the screen shows a peaceful country side but the music over the top is sinister the viewer will expect something terrible about to happen. Does this intensify or alleviate the suspense? music in cinema has been determined by the practice of everyday life. It is adapted for the increasing needs of the film industry and reflected in clichà ©s and musical ideas that were considered to be in fashion. Subsequently standards have become entrenched through the history of film music into and including the current use of popular music in film. These clichà ©s continue throughout film and have gone from the standard classical score being use to the popular score being used. With the excessive use of such clichà ©s the powerful effect intended is not achieved because the listener has been made aware of such events through overuse by Hollywood. In todays standards popular music is being used in conjunction with classical score to aid in more dramatical scenes, such as the film Notting Hill. Anna Scott (a famous actress played by Julia Roberts) is doing her final press conference before leaving the UK to fly back home after being turned down by a lowly book seller, William Thacker (played by Hugh Grant), whom she fell in love and had a brief fling with. William realises his ways and races to the press conference to win her back. After some initial investigative and almost comical questions from William, who is imitating a journalist to find out if Anna really does love him, Anna announces she would have liked to have been mo re than just friends with William. Anna Scotts on screen agent then asks Dominic (a reporter at the press conference played by Andy De La Tour) Anna, how long where you intending to stay in here in Britain?, after a long suspended pause from Anna, then a transition shot to William, the camera moves back to Anna, she smiles as the camera zooms in on her face. Anna replies indefinitely as the classic cover of She by Elvis Costello (originally by Charles Aznavour). This speaks volumes and makes the viewer relate and feel more involved in the scene through the music and lyrics of the song. Solely from the music there is a sense of love and romance, but also mystery through the lyrics as a name is not mentioned, which indicates the track could have a sense of purpose on any romantic film scene. Upon writing the track in the 1970s Charles Aznavour would not have intended the track to be used in such ways, but with the use of popular music in film becoming more apparent and the increase of the same clichà ©s in film needing to have a sense of place and impact, the use of songs with lyrics are ever increasing. 50s and beyond the soundtrack to our lives The majority of people live with songs in their lives from all kinds of genres, music is neither racial or gender specific. There is something seemingly powerful and inspiring about people being able to fuse music and words together in such a way that songs can be infectious. The music we listen to constantly evolves and songs come and go, but there are songs that make up a soundtrack to our lives and we place value in these songs and seek out permanent versions of them through downloads, CDs and vinyl. The 1950s saw a flourish of soundtracks from films not only as a marketing tool, but as a cromo effect in its own right. Films such as Pulp Fiction, Trainspotting and Waynes World all contain music that could be listened to solely as a source of enjoyment without ever needing to have seen the film, but because the majority of people who have seen the film will remember the songs, its a great reflection of the film or a desire to watch the film again. The industry did not solely target the soundtrack market. When a film is released you can purchase all sorts of novelty, replica or clothing items based on the film and/or the music involved. Since the 1950s a great unification has been seen between the film industry and major record labels, each with their own specific interests but mainly cross-promotion is their sole goal. This interlocking is nothing new, both the film and music industry use each other to sell, which has lead to Hollywood investing countless efforts into the music industry, which is produced economic benefits. Film companies earn millions from the sale of records mainly through theme songs. This is one of the most lucrative cross-promotional tools. Hollywood are using established multi-million selling bands to write or endorse their film by using a song they have written specifically for the film or a previously written song. Linkin park are a prime example of a pre-recorded song and a song written specifically for a film. Transformers 1 saw the use of the Linkin Park track What Ive Done featuring heavily on the film and almost becoming the pinnacle song for the film. This song unofficially became kno wn as The Transformers Song which was a boost for the film companies. As well as getting major airplay because it was the first single off Linkin Parks new album, it was also a 3 minute advertisement for the film. This sparked the film company to hire Linkin Park to write the theme tune to the Transformers sequel, Transformers; Revenge Of The Fallen. After already establishing a mutual appreciation Linkin park agreed, this could only ever be a win-win situation for both parties involved through advertisement alone. With two major names collaborating, either could be mentioned and people would immediately pay more attention to both tracks featured on the soundtracks which in turn became a source of circulating the films title further through imagery and retails displays. popular music and film has had a long standing diverse and exciting relationship. It can give the scene the justification it needs by creating a sense of time or place, established through a few chords and lyrics. Kermode states, More than any other art form, pop music is a disposable, transient product which reflects, mimics and occasionally shapes the zeitgeist, (Kermode 1995:9), but music can help inspire, carry and advertise film, so does music have a greater importance than what we are lead to believe? And can sometimes structure the film to become what it is. Martin Scorsese said that the pop riddled soundtrack to Mean Streets (1973) consists entirely of songs from his New York youth and Which for him still evoke the milieu he was attempting to portray (Kermode 1995:13. In effect without the pop/rock music of Scorseses youth Mean Streets would not be (as time out described) as one of the best American films of the decade,. Did Scorsese make the film it is, because of the music and his youth? Time out also state that it was one of the few to successfully integrate rock music into the structure of film (Timeout n.d.). American Graffiti (1973) is another prime example of pop-laden film and soundtrack and was the first film to capitalise on a pop soundtrack. Up until this point pop songs were only used to give the film a sense of time and place and to give it that modern edge but to no availability in the retail industry. The idea of a modern soundtrack was starting to gain nostalgia and the youth market started to buy into a physical lasting memory of the film via the soundtrack. During the 1980s the relationship between pop music and film became largely symbiotic from a marketing point of view. They were also using classic yesteryear hits to revamp careers and provide titles to films (Stand by me (1986), pretty woman (1990). The marketing of pop songs became very omnipresent which had a profound effect on the market. Artists were beginning to use it to broaden their careers. Film Music the cross over from classical to popular score Without classical Hollywood the pop score used in films today would arguably have no meaning and could be just a random selection of current tracks to reflect the relative trend and used solely as a selling point, however as music in film has evolved so has the use and the function of music in film. American composer Aaron Copeland offers an insight to function of music in film from his perspective and suggest five general areas in which music in film serves its purpose: (I) It conveys a convincing atmosphere of time and place. (II) It underlines underlines the unspoken feeling or psychological states of characters. (III) It serves as a kind of neutral background filler to the action. (IV) It gives sense of continuity to the editing. (V) It accentuates the theatrical build up of a scene and rounds it off with a feeling of finality. (Smith 1998:6) As research by Lauren Anderson (referring to a case study of the British film Sliding Doors 1998 and the New Zealand film Topless women talk about their lives (1997) she concludes pop and rock music does not prohibit the compilation score from successfully fulfilling the functions of classical film score (Anderson:2003 115 (popular music and film book)). This is done in a slightly different way to traditional score as we have other elements to think about. These include: (I) The lyrics (II) The Songs structural independence (III) The wealth of extra-textual meaning The lyrics are the primary focus in these three elements and hold a great understanding of them over classical score, for example we can decipher basic terms, love, hate, happy, sad in both forms of score (aided by the visual elements of film), but only lyrics can convey those meanings on a deeper level Anderson notes (referring to Sliding doors): the songs words frequently reflect Helens thoughts of aspects of her character (Anderson 2003:112). Classical score, although deeply complex and varying, cannot portray such events in a manner than the average viewer would understand. Lyrics also have links to the other two elements but lyrics contribute dominantly to the songs structural independence: smith (1995:348) and Rick Altman (1999) both insist that popular music exhibits greater independence than classical music, in relation to the film as a whole (Anderson 2003:112). The popular score does have drawbacks. One of the drawbacks is that the pop score is not written specifically for the segment of film it features it therefore it is unlikely that its rhythm and its infliction will exactly match the action (Anderson 2003:113) whereas the classical score can be in direct synchronisation and contain unity through musical themes and or leitmotifs. The music chosen can also distract the viewer from the initial response the director is trying to achieve. Hilary Lapedis notes Pop songs in films use pops own emotional conventions and, in so doing, so place those films in a much wider context of popular culture than would be the case with traditional score (Lapedis1999:370) Lapedis points out that music although part of film, it is because they are popular and because the songs trigger familiarity to the members of the audience, by definition they trigger a set of different responses, different to those of the traditional score; Pop music, while having existence separate from the visual system, nevertheless posses its own confided meanings and associations (Lapedis1999: 370) Many others have this theory and have pointed out problems within the pop score. Karthryn Kalinak notes that pop music ignores the fundamentals of film (of which earlier discussed) and that pop music commits the cardinal sin of film scoring it failed to support the story and mood because it was the story and mood, (Kalinak 1992:186-7). Many of the songs chosen were originally pre-recorded and then later chosen for films and not written for the film which can potentially carry emotional baggage for the viewer as Jess smith notes not only was this potentially distracting but these associations might also clash with those established by the narrative (Smith 1998: 164). The other element frequently observed in pop score is extra-textual meanings. Behind each popular song is a sense of socio-historical meaning as well as fulfilling the functions of classical score. This is a two-tiered system which was developed by Noel Caroll, such system a system exists when one device (such as a popular song) can be read on two different levels, according to how much the viewer knows about that device and its associations (Anderson 2003:114). Such method was embraced by directors to give the film hidden depth and meaning to those who were informed as they recognise such things as lyrics, title and or performer and apply the knowledge to the context of the visual. The uninformed viewers however will not be able to access this meaning as they interpret the music as is, thus still being entertained and not distracted by the music itself. ___________________________________________________________________________ These functions can be carried over to pop music in film, as demonstrated in the case study of the film Goodfellas (1990) to which Martin Scorsese uses a soundtrack compiled entirely of pre recorded popular music. H (quote from popping the question). Martin Scorsese explores the thirty year span on the Italian-American mafia, from the adaptation of Nicolas Peleggis best seller Wiseguy , through his film Goodfellas. Martin Scorsese enjoys the use of popular and classical score throughout his films, he appreciated the messages and dynamics of both scores. He is one of the few directors (other being Quentin Tarrentino, William Wellman) who embrace popular music and use it to its full potential popular music has the potential to give movies a forceful, dynamic edge. It doesnt have to serve simply as mood music or be an unimaginative device for establishing a time period. (Scorsese 1995:1). More noticeable the film that has inspired many others has been Goodfellas. The score to the film consist of 40 popular songs, which span the thirty years of the time period of the plot as quoted Scorsese, does not use these songs solely for the purpose of time. The songs also reflect character growth, mood and they are placed intricately into the narrative to provide the informed viewer extra depth, but they also stimulate the un-informed viewer mainly through the range of songs. In some cases the songs act in the way similar to that of classical score, with using synchronisation. The music which chronicles the life of Henry Hill (Ray Liotta) is an eclecti mix of songs from different genres ranging from Jazz to classical rock n roll. The opening credits begins with Tony Bennett singing the song Rags to Riches, as Henry Hill starts the voice-over narration of his life. This is one of the more noticeable uses of depth to the film using popular score. Henry Hill grew up in a poor working class area of New York and had a longing to be part of the organised crime syndicate As far back as I can remember I always wanted to be a gangster (Goodfellas:1990). The title is a great depiction and insight to the story ahead as the scene changes from Henry Hills family and home life to the Mob life across the road, with close up shots of shoes, suits and jewellery. The lyrics to the song hold an even deeper meaning, with expressions of love and romance But in my heart id be king, your love is all that matteres and hold me kiss me tell me that youre mine (Tony Bennett 1953), which is a core theme throughout the film (http://www.timeout.com/film/reviews/72996/mean_streets.html Conclisuon popular music has enjoyed a ever evolving and intimate relationship with cinema. from the 1950s onwards, producers and directors have developed textual strategies for representing and incorporating popular music and its performers in the visual regime (popular music in screen page 222) Popular music on cinema lies closely related to music on all other commercial platforms, such as television and video, in turn these have aided the social consumption of technologies, which are tied closely to such platforms. With great advances in technology advertisers are boasting the cinema experience in your own home, with the advances in LCD/plasma screen technology, surround sound (2.1 all the way up to 7.1) and most recently blu-ray

Hamlet and the Oedipus Complex Essays -- Oedipal Complex William Shak

Hamlet and the Oedipus Complex  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare's play Hamlet contains very similar elements to Sophocles' Greek Myth, Oedipus Rex. In the late 1800s through early 1900s, a Doctor based out of Vienna, named Sigmund Freud, developed a theory based on the events of the play Oedipus Rex, which has since been coined the "Oedipus Complex."   Ernest Jones also applied his knowledge of Freudian psychology and wrote a persuasive paper suggesting that Hamlet cannot kill his uncle Claudius because of his repressed feelings for his mother. In the story of Oedipus Rex, Oedipus fulfills a prophecy given to him, by killing his father Laius and by sleeping with his mother Jocasta. When Oedipus realizes he has fulfilled the prophecy he gouges his eyes out, causing blindness.  Ã‚   In Shakespeare's masterpiece Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark finds himself stuck in the Oedipus stage (Uncle instead of his father.)   As the play progresses, Hamlet seems unable to cope with his repressed childhood feelings, leaving him in a state of confusion and melancholy. Hamlet struggles to find truth amongst the people he once trusted. He appears disturbed because of his lustful, feelings for his mother Gertrude, while his hate for his uncle Claudius seems to grow deeper.   There are many parallels that we are able to draw from   Shakespeare's Hamlet to Sophocles' Oedipus Rex. Freud used the Greek myth Oedipus Rex as a means of breaking down the human subconscious. According to Freud, all males suffer from the Oedipus complex. The Oedipus complex can be defined as the male's unconscious drive to lust for his mother and the desire to kill his father. Freud believed that there are two opposing forces that exist within all human beings. He said, that the ... ...nes, E. Hamlet and Oedipus, in Bevington, David Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet. New Jersey:Prentice Hall, 1968 Kovesi, Dr S. Lecture handout 'Hamlet and Psychoanalysis' 2002 Shakespeare, W. Hamlet The Oxford Shakespeare ed. Olver, H.J Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982 Information regarding Freud's theory and works taken from website addresses http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Crete/4158 (General information) http://www.freudpage.com/en-us/freud/psychotheory1.html (Classic Psychoanalytic Theory) http://www.mii.kurume-u.ac.jp/~leuers/Freud.htmn (Psychoanalytic Theory) http://www.geocities.com/~mhrowell/ (Psychoanalytic Theory) http://fox.klte.hu/~keresofi/psychotherapy/index.shtml (Dictionary of Psychoanalytical Terms) http://www.vuw.ac.nz/psyc/vornikFreud/FRONT.HTM (General information and Psychoanalytic Theory)

How Does Recycling Effect the Environment Essay

Why Is Recycling Important, you may ask. Recycling is reusing materials in original or changed forms rather than discarding them as wastes. In reusing material or changing material into new materials rather than throwing it away the environment as well as we benefit from it. The process of recycling protects the environment. With the world witnessing a global environmental decline, this is considered as one of the most important benefits of recycling. As we, all know that paper is manufactured from trees. As the demand for paper increases, a number of trees are being cut to produce paper. By recycling paper, we can prevent the destruction of forests. Today, a number of forests are being destroyed to meet the ever-increasing demand of paper. Recycling a ton of mixed paper or newspaper is equivalent to saving 12 trees. Given that the trees keep the surrounding environment clean by sucking up carbon dioxide from the air we breathe, it would be wise to use recycled paper as much as possible. Most people would agree that recycling not only affects the environment but it also makes the world a better place for plants and animals. For example, recycling paper products can in the end, preserve a large number of trees that otherwise be used to make new paper. This is one way that recycling directly affects the environment. Trees provide homes for birds and other animals, they provide shade for what would otherwise be a hot and dry land, and they are crucial to the oxygen/carbon dioxide balance in our atmosphere. Recycling can definitely have a positive effect on our world. Paper is not the only item that should be recycled. Glass bottles and plastic containers have become a problem for cities and private companies who operate landfills. The sheer numbers of containers thrown away take up a lot of landfill space, which puts companies and municipalities in the position of having to take up more land for another landfill area. Several decades ago, activists who demonstrated against large companies and their waste products used the phrase, â€Å"There is no away!† What this meant was that we could not really get rid of anything. We can only change its shape and form. Recycling is a way to make this change so that it clutters and pollutes less. Recycling also takes used materials from â€Å"trash† to usable products if handled properly. Scientists and social activists have also pointed out that making new products from recycled materials means less manufacturing. With the correct methods, we can have a comfortable, convenient life without the pollution and massive use of natural resources that manufacturing brings. Reducing the number of landfills might mean a healthier food chain for both humans and animals. When we place materials in landfills and they do not break down over time, we are creating a potentially dangerous situation. The chemicals used in manufacturing many modern-day products can filter into the soil, pollution the water and any plants that grow on or near that area. This is especially true with computer parts, batteries and other items that contain certain chemicals. Recycling used products is one of the best ways to save the environment. It is important to recycle, to avoid environmental harm. Used plastic bottles, glass, and newspapers can be effectively recycled to make useful items. In the long stretch of time, recycling affects the planet positively because we will use less of our natural resources – trees, water, minerals etc. When it comes to the environment, using less means we have more.

English Literature: Poetry Essay

This is a beautiful poem written by the poet Christina Rossetti. Rossetti is known for her contrasting themes of love and death she puts into her poems, ‘Remember’ is no exception. It is quite obvious that Rossetti is talking to a loved one in the poem, most likely a lover. From researching, I have found that Rossetti wrote this poem when she was still in love with Charles Cayley, and also the fact that there is correlation between her life experience and her poems. Falling in love with Charles Cayley, calling off their engagement, and publishing lots of poems, which then became her greatest collection of work. The struggle between the good times and the bad in â€Å"Remember† could happen to be a mirror image of the events of her life. We can also see that there is a sort of conflict between remembering and forgetting for Rossetti in the poem. From lines 1-8 of the poem she kept on repeating the word ‘remember’. However, during lines 9-14, Rossetti kept on suggesting to the person that he/she should forget her if it bought him/her negative feelings. So there is some sort of battle going on between remembering and forgetting throughout the poem. The poem is also set up with the rhyme scheme of ABBAABBAAB. It is set up because it creates a demanding effect for the requests and suggestions Rossetti makes in the poem. Overall, I think that ‘Remember’ is a very pessimistic poem as Rossetti is hinting that she could die on any day. The reality however, was that she did not die until 32 years after she wrote the poem. ‘Refugee Mother and Child’: This is another beautiful yet sad poem. It is written by Chinua Achebe, who is a novelist, professor, poet and a critic. His mother was born in a refugee camp. During her time in the camp, she drew a of a mother holding her dying son in her hands for the last time, this picture portrays the inevitability and the pain involved in the deaths of loved ones. This poem is most likely in dedication to Achebe’s mother. The poem is about a mother, spending the last few moments with her dying son, combing his rust-coloured hair in a place with the aura of disease and sickness. From some intensive research, I found out that the child in the poem is suffering from a disease called â€Å"Kwashiorkor†, which is protein deficiency. Refugee Mother and Child† also foreshadows the death of the child, this is proven when on the third and the last line of the poem. It is describes the agony of a mother watching her child die, some people may compare this scene to Holy Mother Mary and Jesus, when Jesus was slowly dying on the cross. Achebe is part Christian and could have intentionally linked the poem and the things in the bible. There is also something that is slightly controversial in the poem. The fact that â€Å"Most mother there had long since ceased to care†, makes us feel that the mothers are being horrible, selfish and heartless for not caring about their children dying. Then again, the process of watching a beloved child die in their arms could have happened so many times that they got used to it. But I personally think that it is wrong to simply not care. All in all it is a beautiful poem which has touched my heart and to the people who I’ve shown it to in my family, it subtly describes the pain of losing a loved one and it brings back sad and horrifying memories. How they have been successful? ‘Remember’ (by Christina Rossetti) and ‘Refugee Mother and Child’ (by Chinua Achebe) are both poems which portray people approaching death. This essay will explain how each poet has been successful in writing about death. Both the poets give the impression that death is something strangely serene, there are no mentions of violent things taking place. The poems also suggest that death is certain to happen to everyone. In addition, the poets talk about death in the poems as if it were imminent, an event that will change everything. In ‘Remember’ death is described as the reason why Rossetti and the person she is referring to in the poem are separated. It is presented as something that the poet does not want to happen, to leave the person she loves. From her suggestions in the poem and her action, it is evident that the truly loved whoever this poem is for. ‘Refugee Mother and Child’ presents death as a creeping shadow, gradually taking the child into its grasp. This poem does not tell us that the child is dead, only that he is terribly ill and on the verge of passing away. Death has become something that will happen to the child, and already, it is haunting the mother like a ghost.

I am going to analyse a scene from the first ever James bond film Dr No Essay Example

I am going to analyse a scene from the first ever James bond film Dr No Essay Example I am going to analyse a scene from the first ever James bond film Dr No Paper I am going to analyse a scene from the first ever James bond film Dr No Paper In this essay I am going to analyse a scene from the first ever James bond film Dr No. James Bonds real name is Sean Connery. The producers of the film are Harry Saltzman and Albert Broccoli. The director is Terence young. The film was first shown in 1962. It was a big hit. For the scene that I am analysing, I will talk about what happens in the scene, the music that accompanies the scene, and how it fits the action, how well Connery acts in the scene, the camera shots and the camera angles and how well they help to add tension to the scene, the lighting techniques and how ell these add tension, how the scene is staged and how the audience would react when it was first shown. The scene starts with Connery asleep. He is suddenly woken up by an object crawling up his body. He doesnt move to avoid getting hurt. He also starts to sweat because he is very nervous. This tells us that what ever is under his bed sheets is very dangerous enough to make him not move and also to make him sweat. The object slowly reaches near to the top of the bed sheets. This is a tense moment because know one knows what it is so everybody is waiting it to come out from the top of the sheets. When it finally comes out from the top of the sheets everybody is terrified firstly of the huge, hairy legged spider and secondly of the spider being on top of Connery. The spider slowly walks up towards Connerys head. The spider walking slowly on Connery makes the audience feel that they are in that position. As the spider slowly crawls up Connery he tries not to move but he tracks the spider with his eyes as carefully as he can. He does this to look out for a good chance for him to make a mov e. The spider crawls up to his shoulders at this point the audience think that it is going to go onto his face it might even put his hairy legs into his mouth. This makes the audience actually feel what Connery is feeling. The spider suddenly changes direction and crawls off his shoulders and onto the pillow. At this point the audience is relieved but it isnt over yet. Once Connery is safe, he jumps out off the bed onto the floor and kills the spider with an object; probably his shoe. He hits the spider 5 times. He slowly gets, up leans against the wall, runs his hand through his hair and exits the room slowly and shocked. The audience is relieved. At the opening of the scene we hear natural sounds such as crickets. When the spider arrives on to the scene we hear the flute. This suggests that the spider is dangerous. When the spider starts to crawl up Connery arm the music goes up in steps, building tension for the audience. As the spider goes down Connerys arm the music goes down in steps. When the spider crawls off his arm the music goes very tense. When Connery runs around the bed the instruments start to play. When Connery hits the spider 5 times, the drums hit 5 times. In this scene that I am analysing there is no dialogue so all the tension has to be built by the music. Connery acts very nervous because of the poisonous spider that he is dealing with. Connery doesnt want to act very nervous because this wouldnt be following his theme. At the starting of the scene the camera moves down from the window, follows the light onto the bed where Connery is asleep. The camera then focuses on the object which is on Connery. The camera then focuses on Connerys face to show his reaction. The camera moves back to the spider which comes out of the bed sheets. The camera tracks the spider crawling up his arm. The camera keeps on switching between Connery and the spider. They do this to show how Connery reacts. This is also another way in which they create tension. When the spider eventually crawls onto the pillow the camera zooms out to show Connery running out of bed. When Connery has killed the spider the camera follows Connery slowly getting up and exiting the room. In this scene there is simple lighting. There is only one light source, this is the moon. In the room where Connery is asleep you see a mixture of light and dark. This emphasises how hot it is in the hotel room. The hotness of the room tells us that it is a tropical country and in tropical countries there is a lot of scorpions, spiders, snakes etc. The scene is a simple hotel in the room with no extra props such as a gun to take the audiences eyes off Connery and the spider. The door which Connery exits from is left open a bit so Connery can have a smooth exit and doesnt have to fiddle with the door lock. When this movie was first shown in 1960 you would expect the audience to react shocked because dangerous chemicals, explosives and poisonous spiders wont yet discovered. If the movie was shown today it would be very boring because all these things have been discovered and are old news. I think that the movie that I have watched is boring because it has no new discoveries in it. They also talk about things that have already been discovered. I liked some of the movie because it had lots of tension in it. You could also feel that you were in Connerys position.

Microeconomics and property market Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Microeconomics and property market - Term Paper Example In ancient days however, when trade and commerce were still at their primitive stage, market competition was nearly absent and people distinguished the quality of goods according to the craftsmanship of the artisans. Property in those days mainly indicated physical commodities or tangible assets. But with the progress of civilization and the storm of globalisation sweeping over almost every nook and corner of the world, many transformations started taking place simultaneously. These transformations resulted to a renaissance of the social relations and some stringency in the rights of the people, including that of their ownership rights. So, property got a new definition as well. With greater and greater competition seeping into the eventually liberating market structure, people started ruminating way-outs to protect their respective domains in order to stick back in the market competition. That was when the concept of intangible assets got introduced. Intangible assets imply those th at do not have a physical existence but which can be legally owned by an entity. Hence today, the term ‘property’ actually implies tangible as well as intangible assets. The present paper deals with the short-run equilibrium or the market clearing conditions in the property market today. In economic terms, short-run is the span when one or more factors are fixed, so that people have to operate in a more constrained framework. The present study aims to clarify how equilibrium is attained in the short run in the property market and how even a slight external disturbance is capable of shaking its very roots. Broadly speaking, property comprises of two kinds of assets – tangible and intangible. However, a further dissection reveals that there are four main categories of the same, namely - stock of houses (for business or residential purpose), financial assets, developmental assets and

Historical Anagoly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Historical Anagoly - Essay Example According to (A& E television,2001) â€Å"On September 11, 2001, at 8:45 a.m. on a clear Tuesday morning, an American Airlines Boeing 767 loaded with 20,000 gallons of jet fuel crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York City†. The terrorist attack was carried out by the Al – Qaeda militant head Osama bin Laden and it gave rise to harsh rivalry between America and Islamic radical group. Since then the most mind boggling historical event was the killing of Osama bin Laden by American militants. The radical leader who swayed American government and security of the nation was killed in a remote Pakistani residence. The terrorist leader was killed and submerged in the sea by the American government and this was a pivotal achievement for the American government. The terrorist attack on World Trade Centre was a moment of threat, danger and insecurity for America but with the killing of Osama bin laden, the country gained the confidence and approval of i ts citizen. Fear of attack The America in its history has never undergone such an attack where the nation lost many of its citizen and right of freedom to act or survive in a peaceful environment. The country was living in fear as the reality was frightening where anytime one could face death or injury without short notice. The smell of death was everywhere, people were scared to step out of house or attend work. They believed and were alerted that any unknown baggage or suspicious man could be a radical element which could denote bomb or explosive. Frankly speaking, America was a safe country and every citizen had the right to live in a peaceful environment. However, with this attack, the country was the least secure nation as the radical elements seared to destroy the nation at any cost. At the same time, the Islamic militants were rejoicing at their success of mutilating America. They believed the culture and strategy of America were to destroy other nation and Islam as the only true religion should abolish Christianity and their cultural practice. The Al – Qaeda which was formulated by Osama bin Laden for the protection of Muslims under attack by America grew to be a large organization which had branches worldwide. They trained suicide bombers and convinced them to fight for the religion. The rigorous religious practice and training give way to September 11 attack which gave joy and success to Osama led Al Qaeda group. According to (Baldor,2013) â€Å"U.S. special operations forces who participated in the raid that killed Osama bin Laden were in uniform and wearing nametags during a CIA award ceremony attended by the writer of the film "Zero Dark Thirty," a Pentagon inspector general's report said Friday† The politics of the event Everybody knows that America as a powerful nation want all countries at their feet. The country had been enemy to many developing nation s as they ruled according to their will and wants their counterparts at their subjugation. The country had a major hand in attacking Afghanis along with Russia. The Osama bin laden has many times confessed that this union of America with Russia has sparked vengeance in him against America. He declared that the Saudi chose him to be a representative to fight against atheist America and Russia. It is a fact that Russians and America as westerners wanted to destroy the solidarity and unity of the growing